Medical Glossary

Abduction

Movement of an arm or leg away from the body.

Acute

Having rapid onset, severe symptoms, and a short course; not chronic.

Adduction

Movement of an arm or leg toward the body.

Adhesions

The process of uniting tissue surfaces as a result of a wound or inflammation.

Amyotrophic

Muscle wasting.

Anomaly

A deviation from the average or norm. Anything structurally unusual or irregular, i.e., presence of an extra finger or absence of a limb or congenital malformation.

Anterior

Pertaining to the front of the body.

Antiemetics

Medication to stop or prevent vomiting.

Apnea

Cessation of breathing noted by color changes, pallor and/or cyanosis, and lack of chest wall movement. Can be caused by compression of the brainstem or lower cranial nerves.

Arnold Chiari Malformation (CM)

Herniation of the brainstem and lower cerebellum through the foramen magnum into the cervical vertebral canal.

Ascending Tracts

Groups of nerve fibers in the spinal cord that transmit sensory impulses upward to the brain.

Aseptic

Sterile, without bacteria; living pathogenic organisms are absent.

Aseptic Meningitis

Inflammation of the membranes (meninges) that cover the brain and spinal cord. NOT an infection.

Aspiration

The act of withdrawing a fluid from the body by a suction device. Inspiratory sucking into the airways of fluid or foreign body, such as vomit.

Astrocytes

A type of neuroglial cell that functions to connect neurons to blood vessels.

Asymptomatic

Without symptoms, or producing no symptoms.

Ataxia

Inability to coordinate the muscles in voluntary muscular movements that is symptomatic of any of several disorders of the nervous system.

Atrophy

A wasting of tissues or decrease in size of a part of the body because of disease or other influences.

Atypical

Not typical.

Autonomic Nervous System

Portion of the nervous system that functions to control the actions of the visceral organs and skin.

Axon

A nerve fiber that conducts a nerve impulse away from a neuron cell body.
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